The social sciences encompass a broad range of disciplines that investigate human behaviour, societies, and the interactions between individuals and their environments. The following are some of the key disciplines within the social sciences:

1. Sociology: Sociology focuses on the study of society, social institutions, social relationships, and social change. Sociologists examine topics such as social stratification, culture, deviance, socialization, and globalization.
2. Psychology: Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychologists investigate various aspects of human cognition, emotion, motivation, personality, development, and mental health.
3. Anthropology: Anthropology explores human diversity and cultural differences across time and space. Anthropologists study cultural practices, social structures, kinship systems, language, and the interaction between culture and biology.
4. Economics: Economics examines how individuals, businesses, and societies allocate scarce resources to meet unlimited wants. Economists analyze topics such as supply and demand, market behavior, economic systems, labor markets, international trade, and economic development.
5. Political Science: Political science and political thought are concerned with studying political systems, institutions, behaviours, ideologies, theories and dynamics of power within societies. Political scientists study topics such as governance, public policy, voting behavior, international relations, and political ideologies, and analyze the structures and functions of political institutions, such as governments, legislatures, executives, judiciaries, bureaucracies, and electoral systems. They study how these institutions are organized, how they function and interact with each other within political systems.
6. Geography: Geography studies the spatial distribution of phenomena on Earth’s surface and the interactions between humans and their environments. Geographers explore topics such as population dynamics, urbanization, environmental sustainability, and geographic information systems (GIS).
7. History: History examines past events, societies, and cultures to understand their significance and impact on the present. Historians analyze primary sources, interpret historical narratives, and explore themes such as social change, revolutions, wars, and the development of civilizations.
8. Communication Studies: Communication studies explores the processes of human communication, including verbal and nonverbal communication, mass media, interpersonal communication, rhetoric, and persuasion.
9. Law: Law is a system of rules, regulations, and principles established by a society or government to regulate behavior, maintain order, resolve disputes, and protect individual rights and interests. It encompasses various aspects of human activity and is essential for maintaining social order and justice.
10. Religious studies: Religious studies is an academic field that examines religious beliefs, practices, traditions, and institutions from a scholarly perspective. It seeks to understand the role of religion in human societies, cultures, and individual lives through a multidisciplinary approach.
11. Marketing Studies: Marketing studies, also known as marketing research, is a field of study that focuses on understanding consumer behaviour, market trends, and the effectiveness of marketing strategies. It involves systematic gathering, analysis, and interpretation of data to inform marketing decision-making and strategy development.
12. Banking and İnsurance: Research in this field involves the study of various aspects of the banking and insurance industries, including market trends, regulatory frameworks, consumer behaviour, risk management, and financial performance.
13. Tourism: Tourism research encompasses the study of various aspects related to travel, hospitality, and tourism industry. It involves investigating the motivations, behaviors, preferences, impacts, and trends of tourists, as well as analyzing the management, marketing, and sustainability of tourism destinations.
14. Commerce and Logistics: Commerce and logistics studies involve the examination of various aspects related to the exchange of goods and services, as well as the management of supply chains and distribution networks.
15. Local Governments, City and Environmental Policy: Research on local governments, cities, and environmental policies analyses the governance structures, policies, and practices implemented at the local level to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable urban development. Research examines the organizational structures, decision-making processes, and administrative mechanisms of local governments responsible for formulating and implementing environmental policies.
16. Management Information Systems: Management Information Systems (MIS) research is concerned with the design, development, implementation, and use of information systems to support organizational goals and decision-making processes. The research investigates the design and development of information systems, including databases, software applications, and network infrastructure.
17. Social Services: Surveys in the field of social services are used to gather information from individuals, families, communities, or organizations about their experiences, needs, preferences, and satisfaction with social services and programs. These surveys help social service agencies, policymakers, and researchers understand the effectiveness of services, identify areas for improvement, and make informed decisions about resource allocation and program development.
18. Art History: Art history research is a multifaceted field that involves the study, analysis, and interpretation of visual artworks, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and other forms of artistic expression.
19. European Union (EU) and Other International Institutions: Research on the European Union (EU) and other international institutions encompasses a wide range of topics related to their structures, policies, activities, and impacts on global governance.

These disciplines often overlap and intersect, as social science researchers collaborate to address complex societal issues and advance knowledge in their respective fields. Interdisciplinary approaches are also common, with scholars drawing insights from multiple disciplines to gain a comprehensive understanding of human behaviour and society.